The
main idea of the article is that ________.( B
)
(a) our sleep time
over the past century has been reduced by about 20%
(b) sleep debt accumulates
and harms our health and we need to adopt a sleep-smart lifestyle
(c) biological clock
within us regulates sleeping and waking and sleep debt always exists
(d) sleep deprivation
might lead people to make mistakes with tragic consequences
B.
Comprehending the text.
Choose
the best answer.
1.
A sleep-deprived person is ________.( B
)
(a)
one who sleeps less than 8 hours
(b) liable to have very brief lapses of consciousness
(c)
liable to make mistakes but even-tempered
(d)
alert at the crucial or thrilling moment
2.
Which of the following is NOT true with the volunteer in the experiment at
Stanford University? ( A
)
(a) He
pressed a button as required to the end of the experiment.
(b)
He kept his eyes wide open during the procedure.
(c)
He only slept four hours the night before having the experiment.
(d)
He dozed off for a moment with eyes wide open.
3.
According to the article, which statement about sleep debt is wrong? ( D
)
(a)
"Sleep debt" is a term created by the author and his colleagues.
(b)
The term implies that if you sleep less than you need, you tend to sleep during
the daytime.
(c)
Sleep debt accumulates day by day and must be paid back.
(d)
In reality, lost sleep can be made up by sleeping all day long on weekends.
4.
What can be inferred from "clock-dependent alerting"? ( D
)
(a)
A biological clock makes us alert when we need to be.
(b)
The late afternoon/evening period of mental alertness results from a lack
of sleep.
(c)
Clock-dependent alerting redeems a person's heavy load of sleep debt.
(d)
Even if a person has worked all day and didn't make up the lost sleep, he
would still be likely to feel alert at the same time every evening.
5.
Concerning the relation between sleep and mortality, which statement is true?
( A
)
(a)
Sleep disorders may occur to those long sleepers and cause health problems.
(b)
Those who sleep longer than normal are likely to live longer.
(c)
Those who sleep less would die earlier than those who sleep more.
(d)
Sleep debt affects one's mood less than his cognitive skills.
6.
The test held by Roth shows that ________.( B
)
(a)
an 8-hour-sleep is enough to keep a person alert in daytime
(b)
though an 8-hour-sleep makes people feel fine, some of them are not so alert
in daytime as they believe
(c)
a good night's sleep can work off a person's sleep debt
(d)
if a person sleeps more than 8 hours, he is sure to feel well
7.
"Lark" in the article refers to one ________.( A
)
(a)
whose strongest period of clock-dependent alerting occurs in the morning
(b)
whose strongest period of clock-dependent alerting occurs in the evening
(c)
who tends to wake up late
(d)
who tends to stay up
8.
To avoid accumulating large sleep debt, you are not to ________.( B )
(a)
know the amount of sleep you need each day
(b)
adjust your sleep according to your biological clock
(c)
sleep as much as possible
(d)
consult specialists for help
C.
Understanding vocabulary.
Choose
the correct definition according to the context.
1.
Less commonly, they make mistakes with tragic consequences.
( D
)
(a) sequence
(b) concern
(c)
influences
(d)
results
2. Laboratory
experiments have confirmed that the sleep-deprived mind is prone to
"microsleeps". ( A
)
(a)
likely to suffer
(b)
easy to do
(c)
sensitive to
(d) dumb to
3.
For a few minutes he tapped the switch after each flash.
( C
)
(a)
touched
(b)
painted
(c)
pressed
(d)
snapped
4. From
this perspective , sleeping until noon on Saturday is not enough
to pay back the ten lost hours as well as meet your nightly requirement of
eight. ( D
)
(a) scene
(b)
example
(c)
expectation
(d)
view
5. An
amazingly precise biological clock within us regulates sleep and waking, and
also synchronizes a vast array of biochemical events in our
bodies. ( C
)
(a)
regulates afterwards
(b) works off in an efficient way
(c)
causes ... to occur at the same time
(d)
supervises closely
6. I
believe this "clock-dependent alerting" can often deceive people into thinking
they are sufficiently meeting their sleep needs. ( A )
(a)
adequately
(b)
poorly
(c)
nearly
(d)
hardly
7. At
first, she was almost alarmingly apathetic and seemed to be
totally uninterested in my visit. ( B
)
(a) active
(b) indifferent
(c)
indifferent
(d)
enthusiastic
8. After
tracking the group for six years, researchers found that short sleep time
had a high correlation with mortality. ( B
)
(a)
health
(b)
death rate
(c)
longevity
(d) disease
9. Studies
have shown that cognitive skills and physical performance are impaired
by sleep debt, but mood is affected more. ( D
)
(a)
strengthened
(b)
improved
(c)
enhanced
(d)
weakened
10.
Yet when their daytime alertness was tested later on, more than 80 percent
were not optimally alert. ( A
)
(a) best possibly
(b)
actually
(c)
enough
(d)
really
11. The
National Sleep Foundation site also contains useful information on helping
you to knit up "the ravell'd sleeve of care," as Shakespeare once aptly
described a good night's sleep. ( B
)
(a)
clearly
(b)
rightly
(c)
keenly
(d)
humorously
D.
Discussing the following topics.
1.
What
is meant by "sleep debt?" In what ways does it affect our life?
答案
If one gets less hours than he needs, he is in sleep
debt.
Those in sleep debt tend to fall asleep during the daytime, and the
less one sleeps than he needs, the stronger the tendency
becomes, and the more likely he is to make mistakes with tragic consequences.
In addition, sleep-debt will affect people's health and well-being.
2.
How can a person work off sleep debt?
答案
He may get a good night's sleep if his sleep debt is small.
Otherwise, he has to make up as much sleep as possible and adopt a
sleep-smart lifestyle to avoid accumulating another large sleep debt.
