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Passage One

    The quest for success always begins with a target. As Berra once said, "You got to be very careful if you don't know where you're going, because you might not get there."

    Too many people wander through life like sleepwalkers. Each day they follow familiar routines, never asking, "What am I doing with my life?" and they don't know what they're doing because they lack goals.

    Goal-setting is a focusing of the will to move in a certain direction. Begin with a clear conception of what you want. Write down your goals and date them － putting them into words clarifies them. Rather than concentrating on objects to acquire and possess, focus on fulfilling your desires to do, to produce, to contribute － goal-setting that yields the true sense of satisfaction we all need.

    It's important to visualize yourself accomplishing your goal. While losers visualize the penalties of failure, winners visualize the rewards of success. I've seen it among athletes, entrepreneurs and public speakers.

    I've done it myself. I was terrified of air travel. Friends quoted statistics contrasting air and highway safety, but it made no difference. I had read too many articles describing crash scenes and imagined these scenes vividly. I had programmed myself, without realizing it, to stay off planes.

    Then one summer I had the opportunity to fly on a private plane with friends to a resort. I didn't want to miss out on a great vacation. So I spent two weeks imagining a smooth flight on a beautiful sunny day and an easy landing.

    When the day arrived, I was eager to go. To everyone's surprise, I got on the plane and flew. I loved every minute of it, and I still use the techniques I employed that day.

    (290 words)

1. According to the passage, if you want to be successful, the first thing for you to do is to ________.( D )

(a) find the right methods

(b) be careful

(c) know your ability

(d) have a clear goal

2. If you have a target, you will ________.( B )

(a) wander like a sleepwalker

(b) know well what you are doing

(c) do the same work everyday without questioning it

(d) work very hard

3. Goal-setting means ________.( C )

(a) concentrating on things you want to possess

(b) listing all the things you desire to have

(c) focusing on doing things truly valuable

(d) visualizing the penalties of failure

4. The problem with the author before he overcame his fear of air travel is that ________.( C )

(a) he didn't know air travel is safer than highway travel

(b) he knew he was reluctant to fly but was unable to do anything about it

(c) he read too much about plane crashes and tried to avoid flying unconsciously

(d) he wanted to take a private plane instead of a public one

5. A good title for the passage is ________.( A )

(a) Define Your Goals

(b) Visualize Rewards of Success

(c) Overcome the Fear of Air Travel

(d) Sleepwalking Through Life                                        TOP 

Passage Two

    My father was 17 when he left the farm in Cameron, N.C., and set off for Baltimore to apply for a job at the Martin Aircraft Company. When asked what he wanted to do, he said, "Everything."

    He explained that his goal was to learn every job in the factory. He'd like to go to a department and find out what was done there. When the supervisor determined his work was as good as anyone else's, he'd want to go to a different department and start over. The personnel people agreed to this unusual request, and by the time H. T. Morris was 20, he'd made his way through the huge factory and was working in experimental design for a fantastic salary.

    Whenever he went to a new department, he looked for the guys who had been around forever. These were the people novices usually avoided, afraid that next to them they'd look like the beginners they were.

    My father asked them every question he could think of. They liked this inquisitive young man and showed him shortcuts they had developed that no one else had ever asked about. These sages became his mentors. Whatever your goals, plan to network with those who know more than you. Model your efforts on theirs, adjusting and improving as you go.

    (218 words)

   6. The author's father applied for a job at the Martin Aircraft Company and his goal was ________.( C )

(a) to be a good worker with a special knowledge about his work

(b) to do everything assigned him willingly

(c) to be able to do whatever job there was in the factory

(d) to be a good supervisor himself in the future

7. The request made by the author's father was regarded by the personnel department as ________.( B )

(a) natural

(b) strange

(c) unacceptable

(d) over-reaching

8. It took the author's father about ________ years to be able to do every job in the big factory.  ( B )

(a) two

(b) three

(c) five

(d) six

9. The veteran workers in the factory liked the author's father because the young man was ________.( C )

(a) willing to look like a beginner

(b) trying to avoid being around forever

(c) always asking questions

(d) interested in his mentors

10. The advice given by the author is: ________.( D )

(a) Have a goal in your life

(b) Be modest while working

(c) Be ready to ask questions

(d) Learn from those who know more than you                           TOP

Passage Three

    In any field it's important to have ambition and drive. But having worked as a psychologist with athletes, executives, artists and young people, I've learned that those who rise to the headiest heights in any field aren't necessarily the ones with the greatest natural talent. They're the diligent few who put in the hours. They work hard. And then they work harder.

    Recent research by fellow psychologists bears out the significance of focused hard work. In 1988, K. Anders Ericsson of Florida State University in Tallahassee and colleagues in Germany compared the careers of two groups of young musicians. The ten members of the first group were identified as potential topflight international performers. Another ten were identified as merely "good". Ericsson also included ten violinists performing in orchestras of international reputation, such as the Berlin Philharmonic. Both student groups kept diaries of their current practice schedules, and all three groups provided estimates of their earlier schedules.

    Of the student musicians, Ericsson found, by the age of 20, the "good" group had practiced 7500 hours － an impressive total. But the potential world-class performers had practiced a staggering 10 000 hours － the equivalent of more than a year of hard work. "It's the difference between a college freshman and a junior," Ericsson says. Moreover, the top group's total practice time matched almost exactly that of the symphony performers at the same age.

    Of course, there's a difference between hard work and drudgery. Keeping your nose mindlessly to the grindstone will only get you abraded nostrils. It's important to put in the hours. But it's not just the hours that count. For hard work to really pay off, you need to work effectively.

    (276 words)

11. According to the author, the most important quality for one desiring the greatest achievements is ________.( D )

(a) ambition

(b) drive

(c) the greatest natural talent

(d) hard work

12. It can be learned from the passage that the aim of Ericsson's research work was ________.( C )

(a) to find the highflying

(b) to find the best young musicians

(c) to find the importance of hard work

(d) to understand the psychology of potentially successful musicians

13. Ericsson's research showed that ________.( D )

(a) the potential world-class performers had spent more years practicing in school

(b) the students in the "good" group had not worked very hard

(c) the students in the "good" group were college freshmen while the potential world-class performers were college juniors

(d) the students in the top group spent much more time practicing

14. The word "drudgery" in the last paragraph means ________.( C )

(a) laziness

(b) light work

(c) dull work

(d) interesting work

15. A good title for the passage is: ________.( D )

(a) Ericsson and His Research

(b) The Difference Between Hard Work and Effective Work

(c) Practice Makes Perfect

(d) The Importance of Hard Work                                      TOP