The previous section has shown that word meaning is of different types. Leech (1981) has broken down meaning into seven types, including thematic meaning. But here we will leave out thematic meaning, which is essentially a type of syntactic meaning, and focus on the classification of lexical meanings, based on the framework proposed by Leech. In order to avoid confusion we deliberately change the terminology where necessary.

　6.3.1 Referential meaning and associative meaning

　6.3.2 Types of associative meaning