| Directions : There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
The economic costs of noise to society are several. Airports are currently operating at less than capacity because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. For instance, at Washington 's national airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 pm to 7 am. Other airports restrict the use of certain runways. One estimate is that noise restrictions reduce possible airport use by 20 percent. The profitable cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions.
In the case of airports, jet engines may be modified to reduce their noise level, or insulation ( 隔音 ) from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. one estimate is that ＄ 5.7 billion would be required to equip all existing jet engines with noise control devices. However, considering the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values. Some combination of methods is probably necessary.
If all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a number of economic benefits. An increase in airport capacity would occur. property values near airports might ruse. Transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population centers.
Much research still needs to be done on the economic aspects of noise reduction and noise effects. Although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. Furthermore, the cost of noise pollution to the economy as a whole needs to be investigated.
The public must be alerted to the dangers and economic costs of noise pollution so that people may make intelligent choices and exert appropriate pressures.
1)
There is no jet traffic at Washington 's national airport from 11 pm to 7 am because _____.
(A)
it is extremely dangerous to fly in the dark
(B)
noise regulations restrict the hours of airport operation
(C)
some of its runways are not in good condition
(D)
cargo planes produce disturbing noises
2)
"the current state of the art" (in para.2) means ______.
(A)
a developed sense of beauty
(B)
the volumes of present-day traffic
(C)
the most recently developed technology
(D)
insulation of air traffic noise
3)
Noise reduction could lead to_____.
(A)
increased airport capacity
(B)
lower property values
(C)
effective modification of existing jet engines
(D)
more transportation costs to and from airports
4)
What is not mentioned in the passage?
(A)
psychological strain.
(B)
handling capacity of cargo.
(C)
measures for noise reduction.
(D)
public pressures.
5)
The author of the passage is concerned primarily with _____.
(A)
the effects of noise on the quality of life
(B)
the role of air traffic restrictions
(C)
the production of quieter engines
(D)
the economic aspects of noise reduction
Passage 2
During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body's oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic ( 交感的 ) nervous system activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter of controversy ( 争议 ). a recent report by dr. David Holmes of the university of Kansas in the journal "American psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation ( 冥想 ) does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best doe you.
Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, autoanalysis ( 自我心理分析 ) and progressive muscle relaxation response than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.
6)
According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true when a person is in a state of deep relaxation?
(A)
the body takes in less oxygen.
(B)
the heart beats less frequently.
(C)
muscles become tense and the body sweats easily.
(D)
the consciousness becomes more or less calmed.
7)
People seem to agree that ____.
(A)
sitting in an armchair benefits a person as meditation does
(B)
structured relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person
(C)
to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means
(D)
what people are all struggling for is a state of deep relaxation
8)
In the third paragraph, the phrase "getting there" means _____.
(A)
arriving at one's destination
(B)
getting what one wants most
(C)
finding out a suitable relaxation technique
(D)
reaching a state of deep relaxation
9)
As far as relaxation is concerned, the author indicates that _____.
(A)
aims are more important than means
(B)
means are more important than aims
(C)
more and more people are interested in relaxation techniques
(D)
some relaxation techniques are better than others
10)
The author's attitude toward relaxation discussed in the passage is best described as ______.
(A)
subjective
(B)
objective
(C)
optimistic
(D)
critical
Passage 3
People seldom feel neutral about poetry ( 诗 ). Those who love it sometimes give the impression that it is an adequate substitute for food, shelter, and love. It isn't. Words, no matter how satisfying, are never an equivalent for life itself and its human experiences. Those who dislike poetry on principle sometimes claim, on the other hand, that poetry is only words and good for nothing. That's not true either. It is easy to become frustrated by words-in poetry or in life-but when words represent and recreate genuine human feelings, as they often do in poetry, they can be very important. Poetry is, in fact, more than just words. it is an experience of words, and those who know how to read poetry can easily extend their experience of life, their sense of what other people are like, their awareness of themselves, and their range of human feelings.
One reason poetry can be so important is that it is so closely concerned with feelings. Poetry is often full of ideas, too, and sometimes poems can be powerful experiences of the mind, but most poems are primarily about how people feel rather than how people think. Poems provide, in fact, a language for feeling, and one of poetry's most insistent merits involves its attempt to express the inexpressible. How can anyone, for example, put into words hat it means to be in love or what it feels like to lose someone one cares about? Poetry tries, and it often captures exactly the shade of emotion that feels just right to a reader. no single poem can be said to express all the things that love or death feels like, or means, but one of the joys of experiencing poetry occurs when we read a poem and want to day, "yes, that is just what it is like; I know exactly what that line means but I've never been able to express it so well." poetry can be the voice of our feelings even when our minds are speechless with grief or joy.
11)
This passage is mainly about__________
(A)
few people think that poetry is neutral
(B)
people always differ in their views about poetry
(C)
people rarely take a biased opinion about poetry
(D)
people generally think of poetry as extremely important or totally useless
12)
The author suggests that _____.
(A)
poetry tends to make the reader disappointed
(B)
poetry makes its readers sentimental
(C)
poetry is more important than words
(D)
poetry often captures real human feelings
13)
According to the author, poetry _____.
(A)
is more than just words
(B)
is the poets' feelings about words
(C)
is anything but patterns of lines
(D)
is an experiment on the use of words
14)
Poetry tries, persistently, to express ______.
(A)
what love and death mean
(B)
what people think about themselves
(C)
what people feel but find it hard to describe
(D)
how people go through life
15)
This passage is mainly about ______.
(A)
the structure of poetry
(B)
the components of poetry
(C)
the nature and importance of poetry
(D)
the appreciation of poetry
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