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Text 1
Toy Story
About the author:
David B. Cohen, a native Brooklynite, received his B.A. degree
in 1963 from Columbia College, Columbia University, before
moving to Ann Arbor as a doctoral student in the clinical
psychology graduate program at the University of Michigan
where, in 1968, he received his Ph.D. Professor Cohen is currently
teaching in the areas of Clinical Psychology and Individual
Differences/Evolutionary Psychology of the University of Texas
at Austin.
Cohen's early research on the recall, content, and function
of dreams resulted in numerous articles, book chapters, and
a book, Sleep and Dreaming: Origins, Nature, and Functions
(Pergamon, 1979). Later, his interests in personality and
abnormal behavior were directed to questions about the biological
mechanisms and risk factors in psychopathology and their implications
for the classification of psychiatric disorders. In 1990,
many of these ideas were laid out in Psychopathology, an advanced
textbook that he and the late Lee Willerman co-authored. Later,
based on evidence of genetic and other biological sources
of individual differences, came Out of the Blue: Depression
and Human Nature, published in 1994 by Norton. Blue illuminates
depression within the larger context of biological and evolutionary
influences on both normal and abnormal behavior.
Cohen's latest book project Stranger in the Nest: Do Parents
Really Determine a Child's Personality, Intelligence, or Character?
explores three major ideas about the power of parental influence
over a child's development: first, that genetic and other
biological influences are more powerful than most have imagined;
second, and more controversial, that parental influence is
much less powerful than we have imagined; and third, that
the influence of nature and nurture can lead to surprising,
that is, highly unpredictable, psychological developments,
all of which has profound implication for parents. The jolting
contribution of this work is its mobilization of strong evidence
that much parental influence is not only weak or transitory
but also illusory.
Language notes:
1. Call
it cynicism. Call it sophistication.
The word 'it' in these two sentences is used to denote the
things mentioned in the above paragraph.
2.Ammirati
Puris Lintas: (Latin name) is a famous advertisement
corporation in London. It has its branch in Shanghai.
3."brand
literate": to have a comprehensive knowledge
of different brands of different product.
4.They
can see through "marketing hyperbole".
(他们并能看穿“广告的夸张”)。
5. Or
can they?
This is an elliptical sentence and it means： Or can they see
through the 'marketing hyperbole'?
6.peer
group: people of the same background, rank and
quality.
7.The
backdrop to today's research on kids and advertising is the
cognitive theory put forward over 70 years ago by the famous
Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget.
(当今儿童与广告研究的背景，是70年前瑞士著名心理学家让·皮亚杰提出的认知理论。)
Jean Piaget:(1896-1980) Swiss child psychologist noted for
his studies of intellectual cognitive development in children.
8.sales
pitches: a salesman's way of talking about goods.
9.A
doctored version praised the cream but the punch line was
that it gave users disgusting spots.
(改编了的广告也赞扬这种面霜，但关键的一句台词是说它使使用者长出讨厌的斑点。)
In this sentence, the expression 'the punch line' means the
last few words of a joke or a story that is the most important
10.For
example, if you ask six-year-olds to put themselves forward
to become one of a team they tell you about themselves warts
and all.
Warts and all: all defects and imperfections notwithstanding.
11. Barbie
doll, Beanie Babies and Pokemon: These are popular
toys of the Western children.
Text 2
Watch and Learn
About the author:
Gregg Easterbrook has been a contributing editor at Newsweek
and U.S. News & World Report. A senior editor of
The New
Republic and a contributing editor for Atlantic Monthly and
Washington Monthly, Easterbrook is a two-time winner
of the Investigative Reporters and Editors Award and a
distinguished fellow of the Fulbright Foundation. He is the
author of several critically acclaimed books, including Beside Still Waters:
Searching for Meaning in an Age of Doubt.
Language notes:
1. In
the days after the Colorado slaughter, discussion of violent
images in American culture was dominated by the canned positions
of the anti-Hollywood right and the mammon-is-our-God film
lobby.
(
科罗拉多凶杀案之后，反好莱坞右翼势力的刻板立场与唯利是图的电影业游说团，左右了关于美国文化中暴力形象的讨论。
)
Mammon: material wealth regarded as having an evil
influence.
2. The
day after the Colorado shooting, Mike De Luca, an executive
of New Line Cinema, maker of The Basketball Diaries, told
USA Today that, when kids kill, "bad home life, bad parenting,
having guns in the home" are "more of a factor than
what we put out there for entertainment."
( 科罗拉罗枪杀案之后，影院新干线的主管麦克·德洛卡告诉《今日美国》，孩子们杀人是因为“令人不快的家庭生活、不负责任的父母以及家中藏有枪支”，这是比我们为娱乐而上演的节目更为重要的因素。)
Parenting: looking after someone as a parent does.
e.g. He felt parenting was his wife's job
more than his.
3.Defenders
of bloodshed in film, television, and writing often argue
that depictions of killing don't incite real violence because
no one is really affected by what they see or read; it's all
just water off a duck's back.
(捍卫在电影、电视及文学作品中表现杀戮的人经常认为对杀戮的描述不会引起真正的暴力,因为没有人会真正地受他们所观看或阅读的影响，丝毫也不会影响。)
In this sentence the expression 'water off a duck's back'
means ' having no effect on something.'
4.Time-Warner:
时代华纳电影公司
5.A
Clockwork Orange: 《发条橙》
6.Hays
Office: 美国电影协会俗称。
7.Norman
Mailer: (1923- ) American novelist, journalist.
8.triple-X:
XXX, label indicative of pornography.
9.the
MGM: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer is a famous film corporation
in Hollywood.(米高梅影业公司)
10.Put
it this way: to imagine like this.
11.gun
down :to shoot and kill or wound with a gun, especially
without pity.
e.g. Innocent villagers were gunned down by
the terrorists.
12.Bel
Air： a place noted for luxurious hotels, etc.
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