3. Ideally, undergraduate research is an opportunity for the kind of intensive study that can expand the mind in ways traditional courses can't (para.2):
　　　　 Undergraduate research allows students to think more deeply for themselves than traditional courses do.
　　　　 的确，大学生从事研究是一种深入学习的机会，能拓展思维，而这是传统教育做不到的。

expand the mind: stimulate curiosity and learning

Examples:
　　　　 Reading Einstein's biography expanded my mind as I began to understand the Theory of Relativity.
　　　　 读爱因斯坦传拓展了我的思维，使我逐渐理解了相对论。
　　　　 You can expand your mind by traveling and meeting interesting people.
　　　　 旅游和结交有趣的人都能拓展你的思维。


4. it isn't just... but rather... (para.2):
　　　　　 it's true (that)... but it's more important (that)...

Examples:
　　　　 It isn't just the stifling heat, but rather the dripping humidity that makes Changsha uncomfortable in the summer.
　　　　 长沙的夏季令人很不舒服，它不仅闷热，湿气也很大。
　　　　 It isn't just the award you received, but rather the confidence you showed in the competition that makes me proud.
　　　　 我不仅因为你获奖而自豪，更为你在竞赛中所表现出的自信而自豪。

5. When students see a discipline as evolving rather than fixed, they usually get a lot more excited about learning (para.2):
　　　　 Students enjoy the process of seeing new knowledge being created. 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　当学生认识到一门学科是发的而非静止的，他们就会对学习产生更大的兴趣，

see ... as...: consider ...to be ..., regard ... as ...

Examples:
　　　　 It would be disappointing if you see the ugly building as a work of art.
　　　　 如果你把这幢丑陋的建筑当作艺术品来看的话，你可能会失望的。
　　　　 If you see the Beatles's later songs as poetry, you'll understand them better.
　　　　 如果你把甲壳虫乐队后期创作的歌曲当作诗歌来欣赏的话，你会更加了解他们。

6 He also describes how creating a piece of original research instilled a "pride of authorship" in his work (para.4):
　　　　 Students are proud when they see their own work becoming part of the new knowledge created by the research. 　　　　 他还认为，一项有创意的独特研究会让你的工作充满"独家创造的自豪"

original research: research done on one's own, perhaps on a new topic or in search of new facts or theories on an old topic

Examples:
　　　　 Anyone who earns a doctorate is expected to do original research.
　　　　 攻读博士的人都得做有创新的研究。
　　　　 Many scientists competed to do original research that might prove or disprove Einstein's new theory.
　　　　 许多科学家争着做创新研究来证明或反驳爱因斯坦的新理论。

pride of authorship: satisfaction at seeing one's own work in print

Examples: It was his first publication, so his pride of authorship was understandable even though the article was very short.
　　　　 这是他第一次发表文章，虽说文章不长，但是他那份独创自豪感我们是可以理解的。
　　　　 I have no pride of authorship in this draft, so you may change it however you like.
　　　　 这份草稿我不满意，你随便改吧。

6. In some departments a research project might constitute an honors thesis (para.5):
　　　　 A research project may meet a requirement in a special program for honors students, who must write an extra research paper to graduate with honors. 　　　　有些系的学生通过做研究项目，可能据此写出一篇（教学计划规定之外的）论文，从而在毕业时获得（这个学科的单科优秀）荣誉。

honors thesis: An honors student who does an extra research project in the major and writes a research paper can graduate with honors. This extra research project paper is usually called an honor thesis, which resembles a short master's thesis.

Examples:
　　　　 She had good grades but wanted to get into graduate school, so she did an honors thesis to impress the graduate admissions committee.
　　　　 她成绩优异，但为了能进研究生院学习，她写了一篇额外的荣誉论文以引起招生委员会的重视。
　　　　 In Australia it's expected that most future postgraduates will do an honors thesis while they are still undergraduates. 　　　　 在澳大利亚，大多数未来的研究生会被要求读本科时就写一篇荣誉论文。


7. paid research work gives her an opportunity to transform a work-study job into an engaging aspect of her education (para.6):
　　　　 Working part-time for the college can be made more interesting and informative if it involves research.
　　　　 有偿研究工作使她的勤工俭学演变成其教育的充满魅力的一个方面。

work-study job: part-time job on campus

Examples:
　　　　 My work-study job was to deliver inter-office mail on the campus, which allowed me to meet many interesting people while earning money to pay for college.
　　　　 我在学校兼职做内部收发员，这样我既可以赚钱付学费，又可以结交许多有趣的人。
　　　　 If you can't get a work-study job, you should look for a job off-campus.
　　　　 如果校内无法找份工作勤工俭学，你就到校外去找。

8. on... basis (para.7): a longer way to create an adverb from the noun

Examples:
　　　　 I tutored my friend on a volunteer basis, in other words, voluntarily.
　　　　 我辅导朋友是出于自愿，也就是说，自愿地。
　　　　 A spy operates secretly, in other words, by obtaining information on a secret basis.
　　　　 间谍的活动是秘密地开展的，也就是说，通过秘密的方式获取情报。

9. Usually, these are students pursuing a career that requires some demonstration of altruistic commitment, such as medicine (para.7):
　　　　 These students have chosen careers which involve helping other people, such as being a doctor. 　　　　这些学生将来从事的职业通常需要他们关心他人，比如当医生。

demonstration: n. evidence, proof; illustration or example

(demonstration of ) altruistic commitment: (evidence of) a desire to help other people

Examples:
　　　　 Fruit falling offers a demonstration of gravity.
　　　　 果实落地就是对地球引力的论证
　　　　 His willingness to work with AIDS patients was a clear demonstration of his altruistic commitment.
　　　　 他愿意与爱滋病人一起工作，这充分显示了他对别人的关心。