| 1. 动词∕动词短语的宾语
 a. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,常用的有acknowledge, admit, avoid, consider,
 delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, give up, cannot help, 
              imagine,
 include, keep(on), don't mind, miss, postpone, practice, put off, 
              resist, risk,
 suggest等,如:
 You should practice speaking English more.
   如果宾语带有补足语时,通常用先行词it作形式宾语,而把动名词放在句尾,如:I thought it no use arguing 
              with him.
  b. 有些动词既可带动名词也可带不定式作宾语,但表达的意思或形式不同:作forget, remember的宾语,动名词表示已经发生了的事情,不定式表示尚未发生
 的事情,如:
 I forgot writing to him.(我忘记了给他写过信.)
 I forgot to write to him.(我忘了给他写信.)
   作try的宾语,动名词表示"尝试",不定式表示"努力"、"设法",如:They tried using another method.
 (他们用另一种方法试过.)
 They tried to use another method.
 (他们试图用另一种方法.)
   mean带动名词表示"意味着",带不定式表示"企图、打算",如:Success means working hard.
 I didn't mean to make you angry.
   stop只能用动名词作宾语,不定式是目的状语,表示的意思正好相反,如:We stopped working.(我们停止了工作。)
 We stopped to work.(我们停下来开始工作。)
   need, want, require, deserve的宾语,动名词用主动形式(表示被动),不定式用被动形式,如:
 The computer needs repairing (to be repaired).
 2. 介词的宾语,如:I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble.
 The book is worth reading.
   在下列结构中,介词in被省去:She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.
 He spent two hours (in) writing the 
              letter.
 There is no use (in) talking with 
              him now.
 Bob had a lot of trouble (difficulty) (in) 
              getting his car started yesterday.
 Is it any good (in) taking cold water 
              baths?
 3. 作宾语的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,通常用名词所有格或物主代词表示,但无生命的名词用通格,而且现代英语口语中也常用名词通格或代词的宾格表示,如:
 Do you mind my (me) using your dictionary?
 He insisted on Mary's (Mary) staying there.
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