| 1. 情态动词+动词原形,表示能力、允许、必须、可能、劝告、意愿、建议等,如:
 Tom couldn't walk last month but now 
              he can.
 You must be back before dark.
   情态动词的现在时和过去时都可表示现在、过去和将来时间,但意义不同,如:You may go now. (表示许可)
 It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能)
   2. 情态动词 + be + V-ing,表示推测某动作现在是否正在进行,如:She may be reading the novel.
 He can't be working now.
   3. 情态动词 + have + 过去分词a. may/might + have + 过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“也许”发生了,如:
 He may/might have heard the news yesterday.
    b. could + have + 过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“很可能发生了”,如:— The dictionary has disappeared. Who could 
              have taken it?
 — Tom could have taken it; he was 
              there alone yesterday.
    c. must + have +过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“一定”发生了,如:He must have gone home.
    d. can't/couldn't + have + 过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“一定没发生”,如:He couldn't have gone there.
    e. should/ought to + have + 过去分词,表示“本来应该做而实际未做”的事,如:You should have reviewed your lessons.
    f. needn't + have + 过去分词,表示不必做但已做了的事,如:You needn't have brought wine. We've 
              got plenty.
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