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Passage One

    The Nazi onslaught on the Jews can be divided into two main phases. The first phase extended from Hitler’s accession to power in 1933 until about 1941； the second phase lasted from 1941 to the end of the war in 1945.

    In the first phase the Nazis concentrated principally on forcing the Jews to leave Germany. Their aim was to make Germany free of Jews, and to accomplish this they partly used "legal" means. Laws, such as the Reich Citizenship Law of 1935, were passed to deprive Jews of German citizenship, exclude them from universities, public office, the civil service, the professions and artistic life, and to confiscate and "Aryanize" their businesses. The result was that the livelihoods of Jews in Germany were destroyed and their survival in Germany became virtually impossible.

    At the same time, the Nazis orchestrated an unrelenting round of acts of thuggery(谋财害命)against the Jews, which they often represented as spontaneous uprisings of the "Aryan" masses against their Jewish oppressors. These culminated（达到顶点）in the so-called Kristallnacht ("night of broken glass") of 9-10 November 1938, when Jewish houses, shops, warehouses and synagogues were attacked throughout Germany. These attacks took place in a climate created by constant anti-Semitic propaganda aimed at vilifying the Jews and justifying the measures taken against them. To a large extent, the Nazis achieved their objective: life became intolerable for the Jews and many left Germany.

    The second phase of the Nazi onslaught on the Jews was even more extreme, and included the notorious "Final Solution". This phase was given impetus by a number of factors. First, after the outbreak of war in 1939, Jewish emigration became increasingly impractical and, in 1941, the Nazis themselves put an end to it. Second, the Nazi victories in the early part of the war brought vast numbers of Jews under German control. This was most marked during the eastward thrust of the German armies into Poland (1939) and Russia (1941), the two main centers of Jewish population in Europe. These victories magnified the "Jewish problem" for the Nazis and prompted more radical solutions. Finally, in the 1930s, the attacks on the Jews had been carried out in full view of the world. During the war, however, with the media tightly controlled and with armies and civilians on the move, atrocities could be committed without attracting much attention.

    (390 words)

1. The word "phase" in paragraph one means: ________( A )

(a) stage of development

(b) type of action

(c) degree of intensity

(d) length of time 

2. The first phase of the Nazi onslaught on the Jews lasted about ________years.  ( C )

(a) 4

(b) 6

(c) 8

(d) 10

3. The Nazis first tried to use "lega"” means mainly to make the Jews ________.( D )

(a) "Aryanize" their businesses

(b) stay away from public institutions

(c) do menial jobs

(d) leave Germany

4.The so-called Kristallnacht aimed to do all the following except ________.( B )

(a) attacking the Jews by direct force

(b) arguing with the Jews by legal means

(c) vilifying the Jews

(d) destroying livelihoods of the Jews

5.The "Final Solution" in paragraph 4 was to ________.( D )

(a) make the Jews leave Germany

(b) confine the Jews to labor camps

(c) kill the Jews before the eyes of the world

(d) kill the whole race of the Jews                                 TOP 

Passage Two

    It was on an Amsterdam street called Het Rokin that I first heard World War II had broken out. I was walking along, minding my own business, when suddenly I saw people rushing toward a poster that was being put up － I still remember precisely where. It was a newspaper bulletin (公告) that brought those of us present the first news of war. I also clearly recall my first reaction. It was one of thrill, intense excitement, rather than fear or gloom.

    For many years it had been Dutch foreign policy to maintain strict neutrality. Nevertheless, on August 28, 1939, a few days before the outbreak of hostilities (战争), the Dutch government had ordered the mobilization of the armed forces － but purely as a preparatory defensive measure. By January 1940, intelligence sources reported that the Germans were concentrating some 50 divisions on the Dutch/Belgian frontiers. On May 9, the Dutch military attache (驻外武官) in Berlin called his Ministry of Defense: "Tomorrow at dawn. Hold tight."

    Between three and four in the morning of May 10, German planes began dropping 300 bombs on Amsterdam's airport, completely destroying all its facilities. I heard nothing, since I was a deep sleeper. It must have been about five o’clock when my father came into my bedroom and said， "Bram, get up. There is war."

    The surrender came four days later － and five days before my twenty-second birthday. It must have been very shortly after that when, as I walked on an Amsterdam street, I saw a huge German tank rumbling by, a helmeted, grim-faced soldier looking out of the turret. I have never forgotten my unanticipated reaction to that sight. I said to myself， "I am a Dutchman," whereupon my thoughts continued along lines something like this: "You silly little fellow, of course you are a Dutchman. Why didn't you ever have that thought before? Why now?" I found the answers during the next five bitter years: that part of your being which gets challenged the most becomes most prominent in your feelings.

    (335 words)

   6. When the narrator learned the outbreak of World War II, he ________.( B )

(a) was sleeping

(b) was walking along a street in Amsterdam

(c) was reading books in a library in Germany

(d) was talking with his father

7. The first reaction of the narrator to the war was ________.( A )

(a) one of thrill, intense excitement

(b) one of fear

(c) one of gloom

(d) one of despair

8. The first information that the Germans would attack the Dutch frontier came from ________.( A )

(a) intelligence sources

(b) Ministry of Defense

(c) the military attache in Berlin

(d) the military attache in Amsterdam

9. The surrender of Dutch occurred ________.( C )

(a) on May 10

(b) on September 1

(c) on May 14

(d) in January 1940

10. When the narrator saw German soldiers on the street, ________.( D )

(a) he was ashamed of being a Dutchman

(b) he became pessimistic

(c) he regretted that he could not do anything for his country

(d) he suddenly realized that his patriotism was challenged           TOP

Passage Three

    Early in September 1940, when the King and Queen visited the East End of London, some residents booed them. East Enders resented the fact that Nazi bombs always seemed to fall on them, near the docks － the first target the German navigators found as they flew up the Thames in the dark. But on Sept. 13, six bombs hit Buckingham Palace. Two of them exploded in the quadrangle, 30 yards from a sitting room where the King and Queen sat watching. On their next visit to the East End, they were loudly cheered. The Queen then made her most memorable remark of the war. "I'm glad we've been bombed," she said. "It makes me feel I can look the East End in the face."

    Now, at least while the VE Day celebrations lasted, she seemed to revive the royal institution again, by serving as a living link to an age of national unity and greatness. "I do hope all of you will remember with pride and gratitude those men and women, armed and unarmed, whose courage really brought us to victory, she told a crowd of 150 000 people in Hyde Park. She herself was one of those brave people － and chief among the survivors.

    (316 words)

11. The King and Queen were resented by East Enders early in September 1940 because ________.( D )

(a) they never cared for their interest

(b) the royals were so condescending that the East Enders felt inferior

(c) the Buckingham Palace had been bombed

(d) the East End was always being bombed

12. When the Germans bombed Buckingham Palace ________.( D )

(a) the King and Queen were not there

(b) the King and Queen were wounded

(c) the King and Queen were there and very safe

(d) the King and Queen were there but not very safe

13. The Queen felt glad because ________.( D )

(a) Buckingham Palace was at last bombed

(b) she and her husband narrowly escaped the bombs

(c) she and her husband could visit the East End

(d) she could face the East Enders who were frequently attacked by German bombs

14. In her speech in Hyde Park, the Queen  ________.( B )

(a) said that she was one of the brave people

(b) asked people to remember those who had brought victory to the country

(c) performed her duty since she was the symbol of national unity and greatness

(d) celebrate the final victory over the Germans

15.The passage discusses ________.( A )

(a) the royal family and World War II

(b) the royal family's visit to the East End

(c) the Queen during the VE Day celebrations

(d) the Queen as one of the war survivors                            TOP