测验开始到现在时间为：

Passage One

       The last part of my book examines the forces that conspired to keep the Rape of Nanking out of public consciousness for more than half a century. I also treat the recent efforts to ensure that this distortion of history does not go unchallenged.

    Any attempt to set the record straight must shed light on how the Japanese, as a people, manage, nurture, and sustain their collective amnesia (健忘) － even denial － when confronted with the record of their behavior through this period. Their response has been more than a matter of leaving blank spaces in the history books where the record would have been too painful. The ugliest aspects of Japanese military behavior during the Sino-Japanese War have indeed been left out of the education of Japanese schoolchildren. But they have also camouflaged (掩饰) the nation's role in initiating the war within the carefully cultivated myth that the Japanese were the victims, not the instigators, of World War II. The horror visited on the Japanese people during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki helped this myth replace history.

    When it comes to expressing remorse for its own wartime actions before the bar of world opinion, Japan remains to this day a renegade nation. Even in the period directly after the war, and despite the war crimes trials that found a few of its leaders guilty, the Japanese managed to avoid the moral judgment of the civilized world that the Germans were made to accept responsibilities for their actions in this nightmare time. In continuing to avoid judgment, the Japanese have become the ringleaders of another criminal act. As the Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel warned years ago, to forget a holocaust is to kill twice.

    My greatest hope is that this book will inspire other authors and historians to investigate the stories of the Nanking survivors before the last of the voices from the past, dwindling in number every year, are extinguished forever. Possibly even more important, I hope it will stir the conscience of Japan to accept responsibility for this incident.

    (340 words)

1. According to the above passage, the last part of the book tries to ________.( C )

(a) describe how the Rape of Nanking took place more than half a century ago

(b) study public reaction towards Japan's distortion of history

(c) examine factors that helped to keep the Nanjing Massacre away from public attention

(d) show how the distortion of history goes unchallenged 

2. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the above passage?  ( B )

(a) The Japanese, as a people, try to forget, even to deny, the Nanjing Massacre.

(b) The Japanese leave blank spaces in the history books about the massacre because the record is too painful.

(c) The ugliest aspects of Japanese military behavior during the Sino-Japanese War have been hidden from Japanese schoolchildren.

(d) The Japanese have carefully created the myth that they were the victims, just the starters, of World War II.

3. The word "renegade" in paragraph 3 means ________.( A )

(a) traitorous

(b) responsible

(c) forgetful

(d) indifferent

4.According to the passage, those who continue to avoid the moral judgment of the civilized world are in fact ________.( B )

(a) forgetting a great massacre

(b) killing twice

(c) expressing remorse

(d) avoiding another criminal act

5. At the end of the above passage the author hopes that ________.( B )

(a) she will investigate the stories of the Nanjing survivors

(b) the conscience of Japan will be stirred to accept responsibility for the war crimes

(c) the last of the voices from the past will die out

(d) more authors and historians in Japan will be involved in the investigation                                                               TOP 

Passage Two

       George Ashmore Fitch was born in Soochow, China in 1883, the son of Presbyterian missionaries (传教士) George F. and Mary McLllan Fitch. After receiving his B.A. from Wooster College in 1906, Fitch attended Union Theological Seminary in New York. He was made a priest in 1909 and returned to work in Shanghai.

    When the Nanking Massacre occurred, Fitch was one of the witnesses of the crime. He quickly became active in assisting the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone. Fitch's diary of events of Nanking was carried to Shanghai by the first person able to leave the Nanking after its occupation by the Japanese on December 13, 1937. As Fitch has written, "My story created a sensation in Shanghai, for it was the first news of what had happened in the capital since its evacuation, and it was copied and mimeographed and widely distributed there."

    Fitch's Nanking diary has been published previously but the version of his diary available in the Yale collection differs slightly from the well-publicized version, so excerpts from it have been included in this volume.

    In 1938 Fitch traveled throughout the United States giving talks about the Nanking Massacre and showing films to document it. He returned to work first in China and then in Korea and China's Taiwan until his retirement in 1961.

    (221 words)

   6. Which of the following is NOT true about G. A. Fitch?  ( C )

(a) Both of his parents were missionaries.

(b) He was born in China.

(c) He received his education in China.

(d) He was made a priest in his twenties.

7. When the Nanking Massacre occurred, Fitch ________.( B )

(a) was in Shanghai

(b) saw the crime with his own eyes

(c) became the first person able to leave Nanking

(d) was able to let the world know about the event immediately 

8. Fitch's story created a sensation in Shanghai because ________.( C )

(a) it was about how he managed to leave Nanking after Japanese occupation

(b) it mainly showed how he actively helped the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone.

(c) it was the first news of what had happened in Nanking after the Japanese occupation

(d) it was copied by many people and widely distributed there

9. Which of the following is true?  ( C )

(a) Fitch's Nanking diary had never been published before the Yale collection.

(b) The version of his diary in the Yale collection is not different from other versions.

(c) The version of Fitch's diary in the Yale edition is slightly different from the other version.

(d) In 1938 Fitch traveled throughout China talking about the Nanking Massacre.

10. Which of the following is a good title for the passage?  ( D )

(a) George A. Fitch's Diary

(b) George A. Fitch and China

(c) The Yale Version of George A. Fitch's Diary

(d) G. A. Fitch and His Diary about the Nanking Massacre              TOP

Passage Three

       Osaka － A historian and former soldiers yesterday denied accounts of mass killings in China's Nanjing city during World War II at a conference, which has roused ire throughout Asia.

    History professor Shudo Higashinakano from Tokyo's Asia University said there was no evidence that Japanese soldiers killed civilians widely.

    "There was no massacre of civilians at Nanjing," he stressed. "Japan's Foreign Ministry has said the atrocity is an indisputable fact," he argued. "I say, that's not the case at all."

    Two former soldiers stationed in China during the Japanese occupation, Mr. Sake Yoshimoto and Mr. Takeharu Ishiwata, drew applause when they said other soldiers had lied when describing the systematic murder of civilians.

    However, neither man was ever stationed in Nanjing.

    About 300 people packed the auditorium for the controversial conference, titled: "The Verification Of The Rape Of Nanking: The Biggest Lie Of The 20th Century." Another 200, who could not get in, stood outside.

    The conference took place despite protests by the Chinese government.

    Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhu Bangzao, reading a statement on nationally-broadcast television news yesterday, said the event had "harmed the feelings of the Chinese people and interfered with the normal development of China-Japan relations."

    About 100 protesters, mostly Chinese and Japanese, assembled near the conference venue.

    Some waved banners with slogans, such as "Nanjing is an undeniable fact."

    Supporters of the speakers heckled the protesters, but there was no violence.

    In Hongkong, about six activists staged a sit-in (静坐) outside the Japanese consulate yesterday to condemn the event.

    They tore up a Japanese flag and displayed photos of wartime atrocities.

    Chinese and some Western historians said Japanese imperial soldiers killed as many as 300 000 people during Tokyo's 1937-38 occupation of the Chinese city.

    Yesterday, a state-run Chinese newspaper urged Japan to face up to history.

    "If a criminal does an about-face and doesn't recognize the crime he has just committed, then it can only anger people and even make people think that he wants to commit a crime again," the Guangming Daily said in a commentary. － AP

    (From The Straits Times, January 24,2000)

    (355 words)

11. According to the news report, the conference held in Japan meant to ________.( B )

(a) rouse ire throughout Asia

(b) deny the Nanjing Massacre

(c) admit crimes committed by the Japanese military forces

(d) show remorse for the atrocities committed in Nanjing during World War II

12. The two former soldiers who accused other soldiers of lying when describing the systematic murder of civilians in Nanjing were ________.( B )

(a) both stationed in Nanjing at the time

(b) neither stationed in Nanjing at that time

(c) recalling things from their personal experiences

(d) obviously honest and trustworthy

13. The Chinese spokesman declared that the event ________.( C )

(a) was controversial

(b) was insignificant

(c) harmed the feelings of the Chinese people

(d) could not interfere with the normal development of China-Japan relations

14. What is NOT true about Hongkong on January 23?  ( D )

(a) Some activists protested before the Japanese consulate to condemn the event.

(b) People tore up a Japanese flag in protest.

(c) Photos of wartime atrocities by the Japanese were displaced.

(d) People in Hongkong regarded the event as one of an academic nature.

15. A good title for the passage is ________.( C )

(a) The Nanjing Massacre

(b) Japan Should Face Up to History

(c) Japanese Try to Deny Nanjing Killings

(d) Who Told Lies ?                                                  TOP