Text 1

Seven Ways To Beat Shyness

About the Author:

    Carolyn Kitch, Assistant Professor of Journalism and Affiliated Assistant Professor of Women's Studies, is the director of the department's magazine sequence. She has a Ph.D. in Mass Media and Communication from Temple University, a M.A. in American Studies from Penn State and a B.S. in Journalism from Boston University. Her professional experience includes working on the editorial staffs of several national magazines. She has been a senior editor for Good Housekeeping in New York, associate editor of McCall's in New York, and a freelance writer and editor. Her research interests include magazines, gender studies, American media history, visual communication and media institutions and economics.

About Philip Zimbardo and Shyness Institute:

    The Stanford Shyness Clinic (now, the Shyness Clinic) began functioning around 1975 in Philip Zimbardo's laboratory in Jordan Hall, where Stanford students (answering an ad in the Stanford Daily newspaper) were treated in small groups of 6-8 for a fixed-time period of 8 weeks. Since Zimbardo is not a licensed clinician, the clinic started as an "experimental" treatment center, where no money was exchanged, and the team tried different strategies and tactics with different groups of clients, explicitly indicating this to the clients. Meg Marnell served as Zimbardo's co-therapist; she was trained in behavioral counseling at the School of Education. After several years of rather good success in helping virtually all clients improve one or more aspects of their social functioning, the team expanded to include Stanford staff and then a few years later moved out into the community with Meg Marnell and Rochelle Kramer directing the treatment program.

    In 1982, the clinic became The Palo Alto Shyness Clinic, under the direction of Dr. Lynne Henderson. Dr. Carlo Piccione, a licensed clinician, also assisted with intensive individual treatment and worked with out-of-town clients who were seen for up to 6 hours a day over a long weekend of in vivo treatment. In 1982 ABC 20/20 TV did a fine program on "The Pain of Shyness" that featured Zimbardo's research and the work of the clinic. In 1994, the clinic moved to Portola Valley, and became simply The Shyness Clinic. Since then, the clinic has moved to Menlo Park. Dr. Henderson continues as its current director, and guides both treatment of individual and group therapy as well as the logistics of its operation. Henderson and Zimbardo recently added a Shyness Institute which they co-direct, to promote shyness research, and training of therapists interested in some of the pair's successful approaches to the treatment of shyness in adults and adolescents.

Language notes:

1. The 43-year-old woman lived in constant fear of strangers, whether at parties with her husband or at school functions with her three children.

(一位43岁的妇女总是生活在对陌生人的恐惧中，无论是和丈夫一起出席晚会,还是和她的三个孩子参加公众典礼。)

Function: an official ceremony or a formal social occasion.

    e.g. This hall may be hired for weddings and other functions.

2. This division of the self into "the real you and the role you," says Zimbardo, is also common among "shy extroverts" ─ people who appear outgoing in public yet are shy in private.

(仁巴多说，自我可以分成“真实的自我和角色自我”, 这同样适用“性格外向的害羞者”，那类在公众前表现善交际，而私下害羞的人。)

Extrovert: an outgoing, socially confident person.
    e.g. His extrovert personality made him an idealist host.

3. Cynthia Finch, director of the Reticence Program at a Pennsylvania university, helped a shy student prepare to tell his father that he was leaving the school's Reserve Officers' Training Corps program.

(辛西娅·芬奇, 宾夕法尼亚州大学沉默研究项目主任，帮助一位胆怯的学生告诉他的父亲，他准备离开学校的预备军官训练团。)

Reticence： not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily.
    e.g. She was extremely reticent about her personal affairs.

4. Marjorie Coburn, director of a phobia and anxiety treatment center in California, helped the 43-year-old woman who was uncomfortable about strangers.

(玛乔里·库本，加利福尼亚州恐怖和焦虑症治疗中心主任，帮助了一位43岁的怕和陌生人打交道的妇女。)

Phobia: an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.
    e.g. She suffered from a phobia about birds.

5. Marjorie Coburn advises a shy person to find "safe people" who accept their shyness ─ not those who tell them to come out of their shell.

(玛乔里·库本建议害羞的人寻找接受他们的可靠的人，而不是那些叫他们不要再羞怯的人。)

One's shell: used with reference to a state of shyness or introversion.
    e.g. She'll soon come out of her shell with the right encouragement.

6. In fact, you may always feel shy inside. But you'll forge ahead anyway and connect with others.

(事实上，你可能内心一直胆怯，但无论如何你要稳步前进，和其他人接触。)

Forge ahead: move forward or take a lead in a race; continue or make progress with a course or undertaking.
    e.g. The government is forging ahead with reforms.

7. And in doing so, you'll be refusing to stand on the sidelines of life. That's the real victory.

(这样做，你才能拒绝站在生活的边缘.这才是真正的胜利。)

On the sidelines: in a position where one is observing a situation but unable or unwilling to be directly involved in it.

Text 2

Help Yourself through the Hard Times

About The American Psychiatric Association:

    The American Psychiatric Association is a medical specialty society recognized world-wide. Its 37,000 U.S. and international member physicians work together to ensure humane care and effective treatment for all persons with mental disorder, including mental retardation and substance-related disorders. It is the voice and conscience of modern psychiatry. Its vision is a society that has available, accessible quality psychiatric diagnosis and treatment.

Language notes:

1. Suddenly the boat plummeted between two swells, knocking me off-balance.

(船突然垂直跌落在两个浪涛中间，使我失去了平衡。)

plummet: fall or drop straight down at high speed.
    e.g. A climber was killed when he plummeted 300 feet down an icy gully.

2. I grabbed the rail, my feet dragging in icy brine, and just managed to haul myself back on board.

(我抓住栏杆，双脚拖在冰冷的海水中，奋力把自己拖回甲板。)

Brine: water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt; seawater.
    e.g. Dolphins and whales can't help taking in the odd gulp of brine when they swallow a fish.

3. Kelb couldn't begin healing until nature had allowed her time to sort out her tragedy.

(直到上苍给予她时间来处理自己的悲剧,凯伯才开始恢复。)

Sort something out: arrange, prepare.
    e.g. They are anxious to sort out traveling arrangement.

4. I had taken care of myself, lived a straight and narrow life.

(我照料自己，过着安分守己的日子)

The straight and narrow: the honest and morally acceptable way of living.
  e.g. He is making a real effort to get back on the straight and narrow.

5. Then came a downturn in business, and before long Jankowski was in serious financial trouble.

(后来生意开始低迷，不久简科斯基陷入了严重的经济困境。）

Downturn: a tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity.

6. Irene Roberts, a 68-year-old medical secretary, underwent grueling chemotherapy for ovarian and breast cancer.

(艾琳·罗伯兹，一位68岁的医学秘书因患卵巢癌和乳癌进行了痛苦的化疗。)
Grueling: extremely tiring and demanding.
    e.g. a grueling schedule.

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