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Passage One

 For British and American people, birthdays are very special days, especially for children. Parents and family members send cards and give presents. Often, children have birthday parties. They invite their friends, who bring presents to the party. There are games, and prizes, and a birthday "tea" with sandwiches, biscuits, ice cream and a birthday cake. There are small candles on the cake. If the child is four years old, he has four candles. If he is five, he has five candles, and so on. When the little guests leave, they each get a small present and a balloon.

    Birthdays are special days for older people too. Family members and friends give presents, and send birthday cards. When people meet someone on their birthday, sometimes even at work, they say "Happy birthday!" or "Many happy returns of the day!" (This means "I hope you will live to have many more birthdays.")

    The most important birthday is the eighteenth. When you are eighteen, you are grown up. You can vote, you can get married, and you can even go to prison! People often have a big party on their eighteenth birthday, and receive a lot of presents. Until a few years ago, the most important birthday was the twenty-first, and some people still wait for their big party until they are twenty-one.

    Fortieth and seventieth birthdays are also rather special, and in Britain, if you live to be a hundred, the Queen sends you her congratulations.

(244 words)

1. A British child would invite ______.( )

(a) his/her teacher to the bir5thday party

(b) clowns to the birthday party

(c) his/her little friends to the birthday party

(d) old people to the birthday party

2. As a little guest of the party, one ________.( )

(a) does not need to bring anything to the party

(b) takes four candles with him/her

(c) can have a meal at the party

(d) gets a small present when one leaves

3. The most important birthday for an American girl is the eighteenth ________. ( )

(a) because she can receive lots of presents

(b) because she is no longer a child

(c) because her parents will hold a big party for her

(d) because she is no longer a student

4. A more suitable title for the passage is: ________. ( )

(a) Special Birthdays

(b) Happy Birthday

(c) Birthday Parties

(d) Birthdays in Britain and the USA

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>Passage Two

    In Britain and the USA, wedding invitations go out about six weeks before the wedding day. The guests write as soon as possible to say if they can or cannot come.

    Choosing a present for the couple can be difficult. People don't take their presents to the wedding. They send them to the girl's house before the wedding day. To help them find a present, couples often make a list of what they would like and leave it at a store. Their friends call the store and order something from the list.

    Most weddings take place before lunch or in the early afternoon. Many people like to get married in church. The bride often wears a long white dress. Guests wear their best clothes, and most of the women wear hats. In the church, the bride's family sits on the left, and the groom's family sits on the right.

    In Britain you have to get married in a church, or a registry office (never both). But in the States you get married where you like, in your home, in a hotel, or in a park or garden.

    After the wedding, there is a short reception. The guests go to the bride's home, or to a hotel, or pub or restaurant and have something to eat and champagne to drink. The bride and groom cut the wedding cake, and the groom's friend (his "best man") makes a speech. The guests usually leave after the bride and groom. Sometimes the couple give a party or disco in the evening.

    Married people wear their wedding rings on the third finger of the left hand. Most married women wear wedding rings, but married men often do not.

(283 words)

5. If you receive a wedding invitation from an American friend, ________. ( )

(a) you must accept

(b) you can send your present together with your reply

(c) you take your present to the wedding

(d) you send your present to the girl's house

6. If you have no idea what present you should buy for the couple, ______. ( )

(a) you can go to your family members for help

(b) you can buy the present according to the list the couple has left at a store

(c) the shop assistant will give you some advice

(d) you can ask the girl's parents

7. Many weddings take place ______. ( )

(a) in a church

(b) in a restaurant

(c) in the evening

(d) in the early morning

8. After the wedding, ______. ( )

(a) the bride and groom cut the wedding cake

(b) the guests have something to eat and drink

(c) there is a speech

(d) all of the above

9. A more suitable title for the passage is _______. ( )

(a) Choosing Presents

(b) Weddings in the USA and Britain

(c) The Wedding Day

(d) Wedding and Marriage

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Passage Three

    John Russell, 83, got on a Chicago bus and saw a sign saying that senior citizens could ride for half fare. When he dropped his three quarters in the box, the driver demanded identification. John took out an ID card. "You need a special CTA card," said the driver. John did not have the Chicago Transit Authority card because he lives in New York and was in Chicago visiting his two sons.

    "Put in another three quarters," said the driver, "or get off the bus."

    One privilege of old age is being stubborn. John said, "Give me back my quarters, and I'll get off."

    "I can'tit's in the box. If you don't get off, I'll call the police." Which he did. Two police cars pulled up.

    "I'm the criminal," said John Russell. Then he and the driver told their stories.

    "That's what you called me for?" one cop asked the driver. Another policeman then said to John, "I'll give you three quarters."

    John shook his head, "why should you give me the quarters? He has to give me my quarters."

    "Where are you going?" asked the policemen.

    "Downtown to have lunch with friends," John said.

    "C'mon," the policemen said. "We'll get you your card." So they took him downtown to the CTA office. But the people there wouldn't give him a CTA card—he needed a picture.

    "What about his quarters?" one cop asked. The bureaucrats discussed, and the decision was made to refund John's quarters.

    When John got downstairs, the policemen asked where he was going.

    "To see my friend," John said.

    "How are you going to get there?"

    "On the bus. And all I'm going to pay is 75 cents."

    "Good luck," the policemen said.

    John got on a bus, dropped three quarters in the box, and said, "I'm a senior citizen.." The driver looked at John and nodded. He didn't know how lucky he was to be a sensible man.

(327 words)

10. With a Chicago Transit Authority card ______ . ( )

(a) men of authority can ride on a bus for half fare

(b)  senior citizens can pay only half fare for a bus ride 

(c) men of authority can ride on a bus paying only three quarters  

(d) senior citizens can pay only three quarters for a bus ride 

11. John Russell needs a special CTA card most probably because _______________ . ( )

(a) he is not a senior citizen

(b) he is not a permanent resident of Chicago

(c) he is only visiting his two sons

(d) he has lost his ID card

12. Which of the following is true?                   ( )

(a) The driver that asked John to get off was flexible

(b) John was both poor and stubborn.

(c) The police saw the two quarrel and came up

(d) A policeman offered John three quarters but John didn't accept the money.

13. The decision made by the CTA office was __________. ( )

(a) to give John a CTA card then and there

(b) to deny John's claim to have his quarters back

(c) to return the three quarters to John

(d) to declare that John was a criminal

14. The second driver let John ride on his bus _________. ( )

(a) because now John produced his CTA card

(b) because he knew John was a very difficult man

(c) because he was sensible enough to help the aged

(d) because the policemen were with John

15. The suitable title for the above passage is ________.( )

(a)  Giving No Quarters

(b) A Sensible Driver

(c) A Senior Citizen

(d) Two Policemen

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