1.2 Features of human languages
　(i) Creativity (or productivity)
　(ii) Duality
　(iii) Arbitrariness
　(iv) Displacement
　(v) Cultural transmission
　(vi) Interchangeability
　(vii) Reflexivity

1.3 Functions of language
　(i) The ideational function
　(ii) The interpersonal function
　(iii) The textual function

1.4 Types of language
　1.4.1 Natural languages and artificial languages
　1.4.2 Genetic classification of languages
　1.4.3 The typological classification of languages

1.5 The myth of language: language origin

1.6 Linguistics: the scientific study of language
　1.6.1 Linguistics as a science
　1.6.2 Branches of linguistics
　　(i) Intra-disciplinary divisions
　　(ii) Inter-disciplinary divisions
　1.6.3 Features of modern linguistics